{"id":427,"date":"2018-10-30T17:55:25","date_gmt":"2018-10-30T22:55:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.ancientfaith.com\/wholecounsel\/?p=427"},"modified":"2018-10-30T17:55:25","modified_gmt":"2018-10-30T22:55:25","slug":"the-election-of-israel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.ancientfaith.com\/wholecounsel\/2018\/10\/30\/the-election-of-israel\/","title":{"rendered":"The Election of Israel"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"In last week’s post<\/a>, the story of Jacob and Esau and the histories of Israel and Edom, the nations which took their names from the twins, were seen to lies in the background of St. Paul’s discussion of election in Romans 9-11.\u00a0 The Jewish people, which had been the primary recipient of God’s promises as a birthright, now found itself estranged, in large part, from those promises in favor of the recently redeemed Gentiles who already were coming to represent the great body of the Church.\u00a0 St. Paul elaborates on the fact that this pattern has happened before in the scriptures, the disastrous effects of allowing this transition to evolve into enmity, and most importantly the blessings that are promised when the Jewish people are reconciled to Christ and to their Gentile brothers within his body the Church.\u00a0 These particulars, however, raise the question of the general case.\u00a0 What does it mean that in the Old Covenant, Israel was elect, was God’s chosen.\u00a0 Is this related to salvation?\u00a0 What does this say about all of the other people of the world throughout history before the coming of Christ?<\/p>\n

When St. Paul speaks of election in general and the election of Israel in particular, he speaks in the language of inheritance and birthright.\u00a0 His use of the story of Jacob and Esau is only one such example.\u00a0 His description of salvation in Christ uses this language in Romans 8 (v. 14-17, 29).\u00a0 He uses this language to describe the richness of the heritage which belongs to the Jewish people, Israel according to the flesh (9:4-5).\u00a0 This connection and this language is not an invention of St. Paul.\u00a0 This is the language which is used throughout the Old Testament to describe the promises which God made originally to Abraham (Gen 12:7).\u00a0 This is the way in which those promises were understood going forward, at the time of the conquest.\u00a0 The Hebrew root ‘nachalah’, usually translated in English with the word ‘inheritance’ is used 223 times in the Old Testament.\u00a0 48 of these occurrences are in the book of Joshua, describing the land of Canaan as it had been promised to Abraham.\u00a0 It is also a major theme in the book of Numbers as particular allotments are made to tribes and families as their inheritance which is to be handed down to future generations.\u00a0 Israel’s chosen, or elect, status is therefore defined as their receipt of an inheritance from Yahweh, the God of Israel.\u00a0 There are many nations in the world, but Israel is the nation created by Yahweh to be the recipient of this inheritance.\u00a0 In Romans 8, St. Paul describes election as a chain of concepts (v. 29-30) which have the ultimate goal of creating sons and heirs of God (v. 16-17).\u00a0 The concepts of that chain are later in Romans ascribed to the nation of Israel as further definitions of its status, such as election and calling in 11:28-29, adoption in 9:4, and foreknowledge in 11:2.<\/p>\n

Inheritance in the ancient world<\/span>, as seen for example in the case of Jacob and Esau, was mediated through the firstborn son.\u00a0 In the case of the patriarchs, we see that the firstborn son of Abraham, Isaac, was the son who received the promises.\u00a0 This would have been Esau, but through the reversal discussed in the previous post in this series, came to be Jacob.\u00a0 This did not, however, mean that all of the other children were disinherited or cast out of the family.\u00a0 Families were large in the ancient world not primarily through a large number of children but because they included the entire extended family.\u00a0 Neither Lot nor Ishmael were Abraham’s heir, but they were both members of the family and received an inheritance for themselves and their descendants within the land that was promised initially to Abraham.\u00a0 Likewise Esau, though he forfeited his birthright through unbelief, was not removed from the family, but received an inheritance for himself and his posterity likewise.\u00a0 Jacob, however, was the recipient of the fullness of the promises.\u00a0 Israel is referred to repeatedly in the Old Testament as God’s firstborn, a people whom he created himself (Ex 4:22-23, Hos 11:1).<\/p>\n

Israel’s status as elect or chosen, then, does not mean that the promises are exclusively for Israel, but that it is through Israel as the heir that the promises and blessings of God are mediated to the entire human family.\u00a0 When the promises are made to Abraham, they are made as gifts given by God to Abraham’s seed, but through these gifts all families of the earth will call him blessed (Gen 12:3).\u00a0 The promise to Abraham is not that from him God would make a great nation to whom alone his grace would be given, but rather that a multitude of the nations would be born from him (Gen 17:4-6).\u00a0 Among these nations which were Abraham’s offspring, Israel would have the status of firstborn.\u00a0 Israel was not blessed for its own benefit only, but it was to be a light to the nations (Is 49:6).\u00a0 Though the temple of Yahweh the God of Israel was only one and existed in one place where God dwelt in the midst of Israel, at the temple’s dedication Solomon expresses its purpose as ultimately being a place where those of all the nations of the world will come to worship Israel’s God (1 Kgs 8:41-43).\u00a0 It is prophesied by Isaiah that when the Messiah has come, this will be realized as foreigners come to worship the God of Israel and the temple becomes a place of prayer for all the nations of the world (Is 56:3-7).\u00a0 Israel was chosen and called to be the vehicle through which God would work in the entire world, not called to be removed from it.\u00a0 God loves the entire world and he chose in the Old Covenant to express that love in and through the nation of Israel.\u00a0 It could therefore rightly be said that “salvation is of the Jews” (Jn 4:22).<\/p>\n

The situation, parallel to Jacob and Esau, which St. Paul describes in Romans then is a situation in which whereas once it was Israel who was the firstborn and heir through which the promises of God were mediated to the world, now it is the Church, which was already coming to be predominated by Gentiles.\u00a0 It is now through the Church that the God of Israel works in his creation as St. Cyprian of Carthage said in his famous dictum, “Outside the Church there is no salvation.”\u00a0 This is not, in St. Paul’s understanding, a situation in which Israel has been cut off completely and the Church has now replaced it.\u00a0 Nor is it a shift in firstborn status from Israel to Church directly.\u00a0 Rather, St. Paul sees this change as having taken place in the person of Jesus Christ.\u00a0 The heritage of Israel from the patriarchs to his birth culminates in the person of Jesus Christ (Rom 9:5).<\/p>\n

Christ, the only begotten Son of God, is the singular seed of Abraham in whom the inheritance finally come to rest (Gal 3:16-18).\u00a0 Belief for the patriarchs had been belief that the promises of God would be kept and come to fulfillment.\u00a0 Belief for St. Paul is thus belief that those promises have found their fulfillment in Jesus the Messiah.\u00a0 Christ therefore is the one who truly has the elect and chosen status, hence St. Paul’s constant phrasing that all of the grace and blessings of God are ours ‘in Christ’.\u00a0 It is Christ who fulfills the calling of being the light to the Gentiles (Luke 2:32-33).\u00a0 Membership in the family of Abraham and thereby a share in his inheritance is, for St. Paul, possessed by this belief (Gal 3:7).\u00a0 Those who do not believe in the fulfillment of the promises in Jesus Christ, though they may be ethnically descended from Abraham according to the flesh, have cut themselves off from that family (Rom 9:6).\u00a0 This stands behind the analogy St. Paul uses of the olive tree and its branches (Rom 11:16-24).\u00a0 Abraham’s family is also the family of God and so the adoption of believers within the Church is an adoption into a family centered around Christ as firstborn (Rom 8:29).\u00a0 We become fellow sons and fellow heirs with Christ (8:14-17).<\/p>\n

Further, for St. Paul Christ is the firstborn of all creation (Col 1:15).\u00a0 This is not to say that Christ came into existence at some point in time before the creation did.\u00a0 As we have seen ‘firstborn’ is a status not a matter of historical order.\u00a0 All of the Triune God’s work in his creation, from the creation itself, to our salvation, to the eventual transfiguration of all things as they are made new takes place through and for Christ (1:16-20).\u00a0 The inheritance fulfilled in Christ is not a piece of land or a bodiless enjoyment in an ethereal realm, but the entire earth, the entire creation itself (Rom 8:19-23, Heb 11:16).\u00a0 The chosen, or elect, status of the Church therefore derives from the elect status of Christ himself.\u00a0 St. Paul moves quickly from the imagery of Christ as the firstborn and inheritor who distributes the inheritance to his brethren to the imagery of Christ as head of the body (Col 1:15-18).\u00a0 All of the benefits of being chosen by God are ours in Christ, including adoption (Eph 1:3-10).\u00a0 What this election in Christ means is that in him we receive an inheritance (Eph 1:11-14).\u00a0 This inheritance comes with being a part of the household of God (Eph 2:19).<\/p>\n

Next week’s post will discuss the way in which this understanding of elect or chosen status and inheritance relates to us as individual human persons.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In last week’s post, the story of Jacob and Esau and the histories of Israel and Edom, the nations which took their names from the twins, were seen to lies in the background of St. Paul’s discussion of election in Romans 9-11.\u00a0 The Jewish people, which had been the primary recipient of God’s promises as a birthright, now found itself estranged, in large part, from those promises in favor of the recently redeemed Gentiles who already were coming to represent the great body of the Church.\u00a0 St. Paul elaborates on the fact that this pattern has happened before in the scriptures, the disastrous effects of allowing this transition to evolve into enmity, and most importantly the blessings that are promised\u2026 <\/i> <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-427","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"The Election of Israel - The Whole Counsel Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.ancientfaith.com\/wholecounsel\/2018\/10\/30\/the-election-of-israel\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Election of Israel - The Whole Counsel Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In last week’s post, the story of Jacob and Esau and the histories of Israel and Edom, the nations which took their names from the twins, were seen to lies in the background of St. Paul’s discussion of election in Romans 9-11.\u00a0 The Jewish people, which had been the primary recipient of God’s promises as a birthright, now found itself estranged, in large part, from those promises in favor of the recently redeemed Gentiles who already were coming to represent the great body of the Church.\u00a0 St. Paul elaborates on the fact that this pattern has happened before in the scriptures, the disastrous effects of allowing this transition to evolve into enmity, and most importantly the blessings that are promised\u2026\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/blogs.ancientfaith.com\/wholecounsel\/2018\/10\/30\/the-election-of-israel\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"The Whole Counsel Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-10-30T22:55:25+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/blogs.ancientfaith.com\/wholecounsel\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2018\/10\/139526.p.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Fr. Stephen De Young\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Fr. 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