{"id":4728,"date":"2016-03-28T10:18:33","date_gmt":"2016-03-28T14:18:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.ancientfaith.com\/roadsfromemmaus\/?p=4728"},"modified":"2019-11-04T09:01:36","modified_gmt":"2019-11-04T14:01:36","slug":"god-part-4-8-god-essence-energies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.ancientfaith.com\/asd\/2016\/03\/28\/god-part-4-8-god-essence-energies\/","title":{"rendered":"Who is God? (Part 4 of 8): God is Essence and Energies"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/asd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/03\/gregory-palamas.jpg\" alt=\"gregory-palamas\" width=\"839\" height=\"663\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4729\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ancientfaith.com\/asd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/03\/gregory-palamas.jpg 839w, https:\/\/blogs.ancientfaith.com\/asd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/03\/gregory-palamas-300x237.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.ancientfaith.com\/asd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/03\/gregory-palamas-768x607.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 839px) 100vw, 839px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><i>Sunday of St. Gregory Palamas, March 27, 2016<br \/>\nHebrews 1:10-2:3; Mark 2:1-12<br \/>\nRev. Fr. Andrew Stephen Damick<\/i><\/p>\n<p>In the Name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, one God.  Amen.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 78px;line-height: 52px;float: left;font-family: times\">T<\/span>oday, on the Sunday of St. Gregory Palamas, which is the second Sunday of Great Lent, we again ask our question in this fourth installment in our eight-part series:  \u201cWho is God?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Today our answer to that question will focus on something that St. Gregory talked about quite a bit.  This theology today will be a bit \u201cmeatier\u201d (and I hope you\u2019ll forgive that expression during Lent!).  But it\u2019s worth sinking our teeth into.  So what is our answer today?  Who is God?  Today, the answer is:  \u201cGod is Essence and Energies.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>That God is Essence and Energies is something that occupied St. Gregory Palamas in the fourteenth century.  At stake was the Orthodox Christian practice of hesychasm, which is the cultivation of spiritual stillness through contemplation in order to experience mystical union with God.  Some hesychasts, including St. Gregory himself, were actually seeing the divine, uncreated light of God Himself\u2014that is, they were seeing God, Who was manifesting Himself as light.  <\/p>\n<p>God manifest as light was nothing new in the fourteenth century.  We recall how God\u2019s glory shone from the human body of Jesus Christ at the Transfiguration and also how Moses\u2019 conversations with God on Mount Sinai left his face shining with that same glory.  And this has happened many times in history with other saints, too, such as the much-beloved St. Seraphim of Sarov in eighteenth century Russia and even saints of our own time, as well.<\/p>\n<p>So what\u2019s going on here?  Why is it important for us to affirm that God is Essence and Energies?  What does that mean?<\/p>\n<p>We cannot go into all the details here, but we can cover the basics.  We should ask first what these two words\u2014essence and energies\u2014mean when they refer to God.  Let\u2019s first talk about essence.<\/p>\n<p>God\u2019s essence is Who He is in Himself.  The word <i>essence<\/i> comes from the Latin <i>esse<\/i> which means \u201cto be.\u201d  In Greek, the word is <i>ousia<\/i>.  So we can also say that it means \u201cbeing.\u201d  God\u2019s essence is God in His very nature.  The Father, Son and Holy Spirit are all of this one essence, something that we affirm in the Creed, when we say especially that the Son of God is \u201cof one essence\u201d with the Father.<\/p>\n<p>It is hard for us to say exactly what all that means.  Why?  Because God\u2019s essence is beyond us.  We cannot comprehend it.  There is actually not even very much we can say about it.  God\u2019s essence remains a mystery to us, inaccessible and so wholly other that we really only have a name for it but not much else.<\/p>\n<p>The Scripture witnesses to this with passages such as John 1:18, which says, \u201cNo one has seen God at any time.\u201d  God\u2019s essence is beyond us.  We cannot look at it.  We can see the incarnate Lord Jesus, as we said last week, but we cannot see the divine essence.  If I asked you to point to God in Himself, the essence of the Father, Son and Holy Spirit, where would you point?  If I asked what God is, what would you say?  There really is nothing to say.<\/p>\n<p>Yet at the same time\u2014and this is key\u2014we also have passages such as 1 John 4:12, which says, \u201cNo one has seen God at any time, but if we love one another, <i>God abides in us<\/i>, and His love has been perfected in us\u201d (emphasis added).  This is where it gets tricky.  No one has seen God, yet God \u201cabides\u201d in us if we love one another.<\/p>\n<p>It gets trickier, though, because even while we have these passages saying that no one has ever seen God, we also have this from the mouth of Christ Himself:  \u201cBlessed are the pure in heart, <i>for they shall see God<\/i>\u201d (Matt. 5:8, emphasis added).  So what\u2019s going on here?  Can we see God or not?  The Scriptures seem to be saying two different things\u2014we <i>cannot<\/i> see God, and yet we <i>can<\/i> see God.  Which is it?<\/p>\n<p>This is why we also say that God is Energies.  So what is God\u2019s energies?<\/p>\n<p>The word energy\u2014in Greek, <i>energeia<\/i>\u2014literally means \u201cworking in.\u201d  That is, God\u2019s energies are His working in this created world, His activity, His operation.  God\u2019s energies are His presence among us and in us.  The Energies are what we actually can see God doing.  His energies are sometimes identified with His glory, His grace, the uncreated light.<\/p>\n<p>The Energies are also God\u2019s actions of doing things like healing, miracles, forgiveness of sins, the power in the sacraments, and so forth.  The Energies are where we really meet God, where we have actual, direct contact with Him.  We can say (and this is Scriptural language) that God is <i>energizing<\/i> in us.  Sometimes, that term is translated as \u201cworking\u201d or \u201cat work,\u201d but \u201cenergizing\u201d may be better.<\/p>\n<p>Now, it\u2019s important to stress here that both God\u2019s Essence and Energies are uncreated.  That is, they are distinct ways of referring to God Himself.  God <i>is<\/i> His Essence, and God <i>is<\/i> His Energies.  And both Essence and Energies are common to the Father, Son and Holy Spirit.  When it comes to the three divine Persons, there is one Essence and one Energy of God.<\/p>\n<p>While it\u2019s St. Gregory Palamas who is especially known for stressing the Essence\/Energies distinction, it was nothing new.  Some thousand years before St. Gregory, St. Basil the Great made this exact same distinction.  He wrote this:  \u201cThe energies are various, and the essence simple, but we say that we know our God from His energies, but do not undertake to approach near to His essence.  His energies come down to us, but His essence remains beyond our reach\u201d (<i>Letter<\/i> 234).  <\/p>\n<p>Other Fathers of the early Church say similar things, such as Gregory of Nyssa (<i>Homily on the Beatitudes<\/i> VI), Cyril of Alexandria (<i>Thesaurus<\/i> 18) and Maximus the Confessor (<i>Ad Thalassium<\/i> 22).  These are all pretty heavy hitters when it comes to historic Orthodox theology.<\/p>\n<p>So we can say many things about the energies of God, but really very little about His essence.  Why?  Because the essence is beyond us\u2014as Basil says, we \u201cdo not undertake to approach near to His essence.\u201d  Yet \u201cHis energies come down to us.\u201d  So God is both transcendent\u2014that is, He is beyond us\u2014and immanent\u2014that is, He is available to us and even within us.<\/p>\n<p>So why is this important?  What does it have to do with our Christian life?<\/p>\n<p>On the one hand, we have to maintain the unknowability of the essence of God.  He wouldn\u2019t be much of a God if we could say that we know His very essence.  How can the mind of man ever dare to say such a thing?<\/p>\n<p>Yet if we leave it there, if we affirm only that God is transcendent, where does that leave us?  We remain apart from God.  But separation from God is not the experience of the Church.  Rather, Christians experience the very touch of God.  We experience God in His divine energies, working in our world and even within us.  We bathe in the energies of God, we participate in the energies of God, being made like God\u2014this is called <i>theosis<\/i> or deification\u2014which is possible through our adoption as sons and daughters of the Most High because of our incorporation into Christ.<\/p>\n<p>So when we say that God is both Essence and Energies, we are in fact describing in summary why it is that the Christian life works at all.  The God Who is beyond us and totally unlike us in His essence is nevertheless close to us and available to us in His energies.<\/p>\n<p>Today, we ask:  \u201cWho is God?\u201d  And today, we answer:  \u201cGod is Essence and Energies.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>To the God Who is both beyond us and also within us be all glory, honor and worship, to the Father and to the Son and to the Holy Spirit, now and ever, and unto ages of ages.  Amen.  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sunday of St. Gregory Palamas, March 27, 2016 Hebrews 1:10-2:3; Mark 2:1-12 Rev. Fr. Andrew Stephen Damick In the Name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, one God. Amen. Today, on the Sunday of St. Gregory Palamas, which is the second Sunday of Great Lent, we again ask our question in this fourth installment in our eight-part series:\u2026 <a class=\"moretag\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.ancientfaith.com\/asd\/2016\/03\/28\/god-part-4-8-god-essence-energies\/\">  <i class=\"fa fa-arrow-circle-right\"><\/i> <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":4729,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[794,583],"tags":[905,647,865,901],"class_list":["post-4728","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-church-fathers","category-sermons","tag-essence-energies-distinction","tag-gregory-palamas","tag-sermons","tag-who-is-god"],"yoast_head":"<title>Who is God? 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Today, on the Sunday of St. Gregory Palamas, which is the second Sunday of Great Lent, we again ask our question in this fourth installment in our eight-part series:\u2026\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/blogs.ancientfaith.com\/asd\/2016\/03\/28\/god-part-4-8-god-essence-energies\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Fr. 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